PRISMA systematic review of NAD+ supplementation
Various · ScienceDirect · 2026 · Systematic review
Finds biochemical NAD+ engagement is reliable but downstream clinical outcomes in humans are mixed and inconsistent.
Coenzyme (not a peptide)
A central metabolic coenzyme studied in ageing and metabolism.
At a glance
Overview
Not a peptide — a coenzyme essential to energy metabolism and redox reactions.
Levels decline with age; boosting via precursors (NR/NMN) is heavily researched, with mixed human outcomes.
Mechanism
Serves as an electron carrier in metabolism and a substrate for sirtuins and PARPs; precursor supplementation raises circulating NAD+.
Research
Various · ScienceDirect · 2026 · Systematic review
Finds biochemical NAD+ engagement is reliable but downstream clinical outcomes in humans are mixed and inconsistent.
Various · Review · 2025 · Review
Synthesises recent NR/NMN trials across metabolism, cognition and kidney disease.
Various · medRxiv · 2025 · RCT
A randomised placebo-controlled study reporting raised blood NAD+ and some improved aging symptoms; preprint, not yet peer-reviewed.
Chen F, et al. · Current Diabetes Reports · 2024 · Meta-analysis
Meta-analysis of NMN RCTs on glucose and lipid metabolism in adults.
Pencina KM, et al. · J Clin Endocrinol Metab · 2023 · Human
NAD+ augmentation in overweight/older adults; characterises physiological response.
Evidence summary
Supported by genuine human clinical trials and a well-established safety profile, with reliable biochemical effects and a rapidly expanding evidence base across metabolism and healthy ageing. One of the most actively studied compounds in the longevity field.